Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-9 (of 9 Records) |
Query Trace: Rogers SL[original query] |
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Type-specific EV-D68 real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of all extant enterovirus D68 strains (preprint)
Ng TFF , Nix WA , Rogers SL , Emery B , Chern SW , Butler K , Oberste MS . bioRxiv 2022 06 Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has caused recurring respiratory disease outbreaks in the United States since 2014. The dominant circulating EV-D68 strain has evolved from clade B1 to the more recent B2 and B3 clades. As recurrent outbreaks and continued virus evolution are expected for EV-D68, a robust real-time PCR assay that detects known strains as well as potential emerging strains is critical for national surveillance and clinical diagnostics. We describe a type-specific EV-D68 real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay termed CDC2022, which targets sequences encoding conserved amino acid regions of all extant EV-D68 strains. We targeted three motifs conserved among all strains in the last 60 years. The assay achieved 100% (270/270) sensitivity and 100% (344/344) specificity when tested with a collection of 613 respiratory specimens, compared to the gold-standard EV semi-nested VP1 PCR and sequencing assay (snPCR/Seq). CDC2022 gave negative results with 289/289 non-target viruses, including 104 EV A-D isolates, 165 rhinovirus (RV) isolates or clinical specimens, and 14 other common respiratory viruses. The assay can detect as few as 0.28 CCID<inf>50</inf> per reaction. An in silico "phylo-primer-mismatch" analysis was performed to visualize primer/probe mismatches and to compare CDC2022 with other EV-D68 rRT-PCR assays, including the previous CDC assay (CDC2015) developed in 2014 for clade B1 strains. It showed that CDC2022 has the fewest primer/probe mismatches among all assays analyzed and is suitable for all clades. We additionally tested 11 EV-D68-positive clinical specimens from 2022 that were confirmed by snPCR/Seq, and all were detected. CDC2022 assay could provide a critical tool for molecular surveillance of EV-D68. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license. |
Vital Signs: Surveillance for acute flaccid myelitis - United States, 2018
Lopez A , Lee A , Guo A , Konopka-Anstadt JL , Nisler A , Rogers SL , Emery B , Nix WA , Oberste S , Routh J , Patel M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (27) 608-614 BACKGROUND: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a serious paralytic illness, was first recognized as a distinct condition in 2014, when cases were reported concurrent with a large U.S. outbreak of severe respiratory illness caused by enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68). Since 2014, nationwide outbreaks of AFM have occurred every 2 years in the United States; the cause for the recent change in the epidemiology of AFM in the United States, including the occurrence of outbreaks and a biennial periodicity since 2014, is under investigation. This report updates clinical, laboratory, and outcome data for cases reported to CDC during 2018. METHODS: Clinical data and specimens from persons in the United States who met the clinical criterion for AFM (acute onset of flaccid limb weakness) with onset in 2018 were submitted to CDC for classification of the illnesses as confirmed, probable, or non-AFM cases. Enterovirus/rhinovirus (EV/RV) testing was performed on available specimens from persons meeting the clinical criterion. Descriptive analyses, laboratory results, and indicators of early recognition and reporting are summarized. RESULTS: From January through December 2018, among 374 reported cases of AFM, 233 (62%) (from 41 states) were classified as confirmed, 26 (7%) as probable, and 115 (31%) as non-AFM cases. Median ages of patients with confirmed, probable, and non-AFM cases were 5.3, 2.9, and 8.8 years, respectively. Laboratory testing identified multiple EV/RV types, primarily in respiratory and stool specimens, in 44% of confirmed cases. Among confirmed cases, the interval from onset of limb weakness until specimen collection ranged from 2 to 7 days, depending on specimen type. Interval from onset of limb weakness until reporting to CDC during 2018 ranged from 18 to 36 days, with confirmed and probable cases reported earlier than non-AFM cases. CONCLUSION: Identification of risk factors leading to outbreaks of AFM remains a public health priority. Prompt recognition of signs and symptoms, early specimen collection, and complete and rapid reporting will expedite public health investigations and research studies to elucidate the recent epidemiology of AFM and subsequently inform treatment and prevention recommendations. |
Detection and Genomic Characterization of Enterovirus D68 in Respiratory Samples Isolated in the United States in 2016.
Ng TF , Montmayeur A , Castro C , Cone M , Stringer J , Lamson DM , Rogers SL , Wang Chern SW , Magana L , Marine R , Rubino H , Serinaldi D , George KS , Nix WA . Genome Announc 2016 4 (6) The genomic sequences of three 2016 enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) strains were obtained from respiratory samples of patients from Florida, Texas, and New York. These EV-D68 sequences share highest nucleotide identities with strains that circulated in North America, Europe, and Asia in 2014-2015. |
Severe respiratory illness associated with a nationwide outbreak of enterovirus D68 in the USA (2014): a descriptive epidemiological investigation
Midgley CM , Watson JT , Nix WA , Curns AT , Rogers SL , Brown BA , Conover C , Dominguez SR , Feikin DR , Gray S , Hassan F , Hoferka S , Jackson MA , Johnson D , Leshem E , Miller L , Nichols JB , Nyquist AC , Obringer E , Patel A , Patel M , Rha B , Schneider E , Schuster JE , Selvarangan R , Seward JF , Turabelidze G , Oberste MS , Pallansch MA , Gerber SI . Lancet Respir Med 2015 3 (11) 879-87 BACKGROUND: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been infrequently reported historically, and is typically associated with isolated cases or small clusters of respiratory illness. Beginning in August, 2014, increases in severe respiratory illness associated with EV-D68 were reported across the USA. We aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of this outbreak, and to better understand the role of EV-D68 in severe respiratory illness. METHODS: We collected regional syndromic surveillance data for epidemiological weeks 23 to 44, 2014, (June 1 to Nov 1, 2014) and hospital admissions data for epidemiological weeks 27 to 44, 2014, (June 29 to Nov 1, 2014) from three states: Missouri, Illinois and Colorado. Data were also collected for the same time period of 2013 and 2012. Respiratory specimens from severely ill patients nationwide, who were rhinovirus-positive or enterovirus-positive in hospital testing, were submitted between Aug 1, and Oct 31, 2014, and typed by molecular sequencing. We collected basic clinical and epidemiological characteristics of EV-D68 cases with a standard data collection form submitted with each specimen. We compared patients requiring intensive care with those who did not, and patients requiring ventilator support with those who did not. Mantel-Haenszel chi2 tests were used to test for statistical significance. FINDINGS: Regional and hospital-level data from Missouri, Illinois, and Colorado showed increases in respiratory illness between August and September, 2014, compared with in 2013 and 2012. Nationwide, 699 (46%) of 1529 patients tested were confirmed as EV-D68. Among the 614 EV-D68-positive patients admitted to hospital, age ranged from 3 days to 92 years (median 5 years). Common symptoms included dyspnoea (n=513 [84%]), cough (n=500 [81%]), and wheezing (n=427 [70%]); 294 (48%) patients had fever. 338 [59%] of 574 were admitted to intensive care units, and 145 (28%) of 511 received ventilator support; 322 (52%) of 614 had a history of asthma or reactive airway disease; 200 (66%) of 304 patients with a history of asthma or reactive airway disease required intensive care compared with 138 (51%) of 270 with no history of asthma or reactive airway disease (p=0.0004). Similarly, 89 (32%) of 276 patients with a history of asthma or reactive airway disease required ventilator support compared with 56 (24%) of 235 patients with no history of asthma or reactive airway disease (p=0.039). INTERPRETATION: In 2014, EV-D68 caused widespread severe respiratory illness across the USA, disproportionately affecting those with asthma. This unexpected event underscores the need for robust surveillance of enterovirus types, enabling improved understanding of virus circulation and disease burden. FUNDING: None. |
Severe enterovirus 68 respiratory illness in children requiring intensive care management
Schuster JE , Miller JO , Selvarangan R , Weddle G , Thompson MT , Hassan F , Rogers SL , Oberste MS , Nix WA , Jackson MA . J Clin Virol 2015 70 77-82 BACKGROUND: Enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) causes acute respiratory tract illness in epidemic cycles, most recently in Fall 2014, but clinical characteristics of severe disease are not well reported. OBJECTIVES: Children with EV-D68 severe respiratory disease requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) management were compared with children with severe respiratory disease from other enteroviruses/rhinoviruses. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of all children admitted to Children's Mercy Hospital PICU from August 1-September 15, 2014 with positive PCR testing for enterovirus/rhinovirus. Specimens were subsequently tested for the presence of EV-D68. We evaluated baseline characteristics, symptomatology, lab values, therapeutics, and outcomes of children with EV-D68 viral infection compared with enterovirus/rhinovirus-positive, EV-D68-negative children. RESULTS: A total of 86 children with positive enterovirus/rhinovirus testing associated with respiratory symptoms were admitted to the PICU. Children with EV-D68 were older than their EV-D68-negative counterparts (7.1 vs. 3.5 years, P=0.01). They were more likely to have a history of asthma or recurrent wheeze (68% vs. 42%, P=0.03) and to present with cough (90% vs. 63%, P=0.009). EV-D68 children were significantly more likely to receive albuterol (95% vs. 79%, P=0.04), magnesium (75% vs. 42%, P=0.004), and aminophylline (25% vs. 4%, P=0.03). Other adjunctive medications used in EV-D68 children included corticosteroids, epinephrine, and heliox; 44% of EV-D68-positive children required non-invasive ventilatory support. CONCLUSIONS: EV-D68 causes severe disease in the pediatric population, particularly in children with asthma and recurrent wheeze; children may require multiple adjunctive respiratory therapies. |
Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by Coxsackievirus A6
Flett K , Youngster I , Huang J , McAdam A , Sandora TJ , Rennick M , Smole S , Rogers SL , Nix WA , Oberste MS , Gellis S , Ahmed AA . Emerg Infect Dis 2012 18 (10) 1702-4 TO THE EDITOR: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) is a human enterovirus associated with herpangina in infants. In the winter of 2012, we evaluated a cluster of 8 patients, 4 months-3 years of age, who were brought for treatment at Boston Children's Hospital (Boston, MA, USA) with a variant of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) that has now been linked to CVA6 (Table). During this same period, the Boston Public Health Commission's syndromic surveillance system detected a 3.3-fold increase in emergency department discharge diagnoses of HFMD. In the United States, HFMD typically occurs in the summer and early autumn and is characterized by a febrile enanthem of oral ulcers and macular or vesicular lesions on the palms and soles; the etiologic agents are most often CVA16 and enterovirus 71. |
Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy
Yau JW , Rogers SL , Kawasaki R , Lamoureux EL , Kowalski JW , Bek T , Chen SJ , Dekker JM , Fletcher A , Grauslund J , Haffner S , Hamman RF , Ikram MK , Kayama T , Klein BE , Klein R , Krishnaiah S , Mayurasakorn K , O'Hare JP , Orchard TJ , Porta M , Rema M , Roy MS , Sharma T , Shaw J , Taylor H , Tielsch JM , Varma R , Wang JJ , Wang N , West S , Xu L , Yasuda M , Zhang X , Mitchell P , Wong TY . Diabetes Care 2012 35 (3) 556-64 OBJECTIVE: To examine the global prevalence and major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) among people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A pooled analysis using individual participant data from population-based studies around the world was performed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all population-based studies in general populations or individuals with diabetes who had ascertained DR from retinal photographs. Studies provided data for DR end points, including any DR, proliferative DR, diabetic macular edema, and VTDR, and also major systemic risk factors. Pooled prevalence estimates were directly age-standardized to the 2010 World Diabetes Population aged 20-79 years. RESULTS: A total of 35 studies (1980-2008) provided data from 22,896 individuals with diabetes. The overall prevalence was 34.6% (95% CI 34.5-34.8) for any DR, 6.96% (6.87-7.04) for proliferative DR, 6.81% (6.74-6.89) for diabetic macular edema, and 10.2% (10.1-10.3) for VTDR. All DR prevalence end points increased with diabetes duration, hemoglobin A(1c), and blood pressure levels and were higher in people with type 1 compared with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: There are approximately 93 million people with DR, 17 million with proliferative DR, 21 million with diabetic macular edema, and 28 million with VTDR worldwide. Longer diabetes duration and poorer glycemic and blood pressure control are strongly associated with DR. These data highlight the substantial worldwide public health burden of DR and the importance of modifiable risk factors in its occurrence. This study is limited by data pooled from studies at different time points, with different methodologies and population characteristics. |
Enterovirus 71 meningoencephalitis complicating Rituximab therapy
Ahmed R , Buckland M , Davies L , Halmagyi GM , Rogers SL , Oberste S , Barnett MH . J Neurol Sci 2011 305 149-51 We describe a fatal case of proven enterovirus 71 meningoencephalitis complicating monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. B-cell depletion, an effective treatment strategy in an expanding spectrum of hematological and inflammatory disorders, impairs neutralising antibody-mediated clearance of enterovirus. The global threat of emerging neurotropic viruses such as enterovirus 71 is heightened by an increasing pool of susceptible individuals in non-endemic regions. |
Comparative evaluation of Taqman real-time PCR and semi-nested VP1 PCR for detection of enteroviruses in clinical specimens
Oberste MS , Penaranda S , Rogers SL , Henderson E , Nix WA . J Clin Virol 2010 49 (1) 73-4 BACKGROUND: Molecular diagnostic tests to detect enterovirus in clinical specimens usually target highly conserved sites in the 5'-non-translated region, allowing detection of all members of the genus. The sequences in the 5'-NTR do not correlate with serotype, but PCR and sequencing of the VP1 region can be used for typing; this system has largely replaced traditional antigenic typing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative performance of two common enterovirus assays. STUDY DESIGN: We compared the relative sensitivities of Taqman((R)) real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and a VP1 semi-nested PCR (RT-snPCR) assay in which sequencing the VP1 amplicon also provides typing information. RESULTS: There was 89% concordance between the two methods among the 371 clinical specimens tested (74 positive in both assays and 257 negative in both assays). Twenty-seven rRT-PCR-negative/VP1-positive specimens were confirmed positive by sequencing; 13 specimens were rRT-PCR-positive/VP1-negative. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that either assay can produce satisfactory results, but that using both assays in parallel should provide the highest sensitivity for clinical diagnostic testing. |
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